Visa Basics: Understanding Entry Permission

Countries decide who can enter and on what terms. Citizens of some countries can visit others visa-free for short stays, while others must apply in advance. The same traveller may need a visa for one country and nothing at all for its neighbour.

This guide gives general information only. It is not legal or immigration advice. Requirements can change, always verify current rules with the relevant official authority.

Common visa types

• Tourist or visitor visas for holidays and family visits.
• Business visas for meetings and conferences.
• Transit visas for passing through a country.
• Student and work visas, which have more detailed requirements.
• Visa on arrival, issued at the border in some countries.

Where to apply

Use the official government website or the embassy or consulate of the country you're visiting. Some governments use authorised processing centres. Be careful with unofficial websites that charge extra fees, they may look official but aren't.

Timing

Processing can take days or months. Apply early, but not so early that the visa expires before your trip. Some visas are valid from the date of issue, not the date of entry.

Common requirements

Applications often ask for a passport photo, proof of accommodation, a return ticket, travel insurance and evidence of funds. Some require an interview or biometrics. Read the requirements carefully and supply exactly what's requested.

On arrival

A visa allows you to request entry, the final decision is made by the border officer. Carry supporting documents in your hand luggage in case you're asked.